What are the differences between C++ and Java?

Comparison Index	C++	Java
Platform Independence	C++ relies on platform; not platform-independent	Java is platform-independent.
Main Usage	C++ primarily used for system programming.	Java mainly employed in application programming: window, web, enterprise, mobile.
Design Objective	C++ designed for systems and applications programming, extending C.	Initially for printing systems, Java evolved for network computing, aiming for ease of use.
Goto	Goto statement supported in C++.	Java lacks support for the goto statement.
Multiple Inheritance	C++ supports multiple inheritance.	Java lacks multiple inheritance via classes but provides it through interfaces.
Operator Overloading	Operator overloading is supported in C++.	Java does not support operator overloading.
Pointers	Pointers are supported in C++.	Java internally supports pointers but restricts their use in programming.
Compiler & Interpreter	Compiled by a compiler, platform-dependent.	Compiled to bytecode then interpreted, enabling platform independence.
Call by Value/Reference	Supports both call by value and reference.	Only supports call by value; no call by reference.
Structures & Unions	Supports structures and unions.	Lacks support for structures and unions.
Thread Support	Lacks built-in thread support; relies on third-party libraries.	Built-in support for threads in Java.
Documentation Comment	No support for documentation comments.	Supports documentation comments for code documentation.
Virtual Keyword	Supports virtual keyword for function overriding decisions.	All non-static methods are implicitly virtual.
Unsigned Right Shift	Does not support unsigned right shift (>>>) operator.	Supports unsigned right shift (>>>) operator, ensuring zero fill for negatives.
Inheritance Tree	Always creates a new inheritance tree.	Uses a single inheritance tree, with all classes ultimately deriving from Object.
Hardware Interaction	Closer interaction with hardware.	Limited interaction with hardware.
Object-oriented	Object-oriented, but single root hierarchy not feasible in C.	Object-oriented; all entities (except fundamental types) derive from Object.