Packet Voice Digital Signal Processor Modules (PVDM) are essential components in Cisco’s Voice over IP (VoIP) architecture. PVDM modules provide digital signal processing (DSP) resources that are used to perform voice encoding, decoding, and other signal processing functions in Cisco’s routers and switches. PVDMs are designed to work with a range of Cisco products, including … Read more
Codecs and DSP are two critical components of modern communication systems that are essential for transmitting and processing audio and video data in real-time. Both are key technologies in the field of voice over IP (VoIP) and are used in a wide range of applications, including video conferencing, streaming media, and telephony. Codecs, or “coder-decoders,” … Read more
Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP) is a protocol used alongside the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) in multimedia communication systems. RTP is primarily used for transmitting real-time data such as audio and video over the internet, while RTCP is used for feedback and control purposes. The purpose of RTCP is to provide feedback on the quality of … Read more
In Cisco Voice over IP (VoIP) networks, dial-peers are an essential component for call routing and call processing. Dial-peers provide a mechanism for routing and processing calls within a VoIP network, enabling users to make and receive calls across a variety of different networks and devices. At a high level, a dial-peer is a configuration … Read more
SRST (Survivable Remote Site Telephony) and MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) fallback are two features in Cisco voice networks that help ensure the availability and reliability of voice communications in the event of a network outage or other disruption. These features are designed to provide backup support for voice communications, helping to ensure that users … Read more
Silence suppression is a feature in Cisco voice networks that helps reduce bandwidth usage by detecting and removing periods of silence in voice conversations. This feature can help improve the overall efficiency and performance of voice networks, particularly those with limited bandwidth. Silence suppression works by detecting periods of silence in a voice conversation and … Read more
Session Description Protocol (SDP) is a signaling protocol used to describe multimedia sessions over the internet. It is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) standard, and its primary purpose is to describe the format and content of a session. It is commonly used in conjunction with other signaling protocols, such as SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) … Read more
Q931 backhauling is a term used to describe the process of transporting Q931 signaling messages over an IP network between two IP PBX systems. In other words, it is the transmission of Q931 signaling over an IP network. Q931 is a protocol used in ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) networks to establish, maintain, and release … Read more
In Voice over IP (VoIP) communication, there are two main methods of initiating a call setup: early offer and delayed offer. Both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is essential to understand the differences between them to ensure optimal call setup and quality. Early Offer: Early offer, also known as early media, … Read more
RTP, or Real-time Transport Protocol, is a network protocol used in Voice over IP (VoIP) communications. RTP is responsible for transmitting audio and video data between endpoints in a VoIP call. It is a transport layer protocol and operates at Layer 4 of the OSI model. RTP works in conjunction with another protocol called the … Read more