In traditional telephony systems, there are two types of interfaces used to connect analog phone lines to digital equipment: FXO and FXS. FXO stands for Foreign Exchange Office, while FXS stands for Foreign Exchange Station. In this article, we will discuss the differences between FXO and FXS interfaces and their applications. FXO Interface: An FXO … Read more
When a call is made between two phones registered on a Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express (CME), the signaling process involves several steps that allow the devices to communicate with each other and establish the call. In this article, we will discuss the signaling process for a call between two phones registered on a CME, … Read more
In networking, IEEE 802.3af and IEEE 802.3at are two standards that are used for Power over Ethernet (PoE). PoE is a technology that allows for the transmission of electrical power along with data over a standard Ethernet cable. This technology eliminates the need for separate power cables, simplifies network installations, and improves device mobility. In … Read more
Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology that allows for the transmission of electrical power and data over a standard Ethernet cable. This eliminates the need for separate power cables and simplifies the installation of network devices, such as IP phones, wireless access points, and security cameras. PoE technology is widely used in both small … Read more
Packet Voice Digital Signal Processor Modules (PVDM) are essential components in Cisco’s Voice over IP (VoIP) architecture. PVDM modules provide digital signal processing (DSP) resources that are used to perform voice encoding, decoding, and other signal processing functions in Cisco’s routers and switches. PVDMs are designed to work with a range of Cisco products, including … Read more
Codecs and DSP are two critical components of modern communication systems that are essential for transmitting and processing audio and video data in real-time. Both are key technologies in the field of voice over IP (VoIP) and are used in a wide range of applications, including video conferencing, streaming media, and telephony. Codecs, or “coder-decoders,” … Read more
Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP) is a protocol used alongside the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) in multimedia communication systems. RTP is primarily used for transmitting real-time data such as audio and video over the internet, while RTCP is used for feedback and control purposes. The purpose of RTCP is to provide feedback on the quality of … Read more
In Cisco Voice over IP (VoIP) networks, dial-peers are an essential component for call routing and call processing. Dial-peers provide a mechanism for routing and processing calls within a VoIP network, enabling users to make and receive calls across a variety of different networks and devices. At a high level, a dial-peer is a configuration … Read more
SRST (Survivable Remote Site Telephony) and MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) fallback are two features in Cisco voice networks that help ensure the availability and reliability of voice communications in the event of a network outage or other disruption. These features are designed to provide backup support for voice communications, helping to ensure that users … Read more
Silence suppression is a feature in Cisco voice networks that helps reduce bandwidth usage by detecting and removing periods of silence in voice conversations. This feature can help improve the overall efficiency and performance of voice networks, particularly those with limited bandwidth. Silence suppression works by detecting periods of silence in a voice conversation and … Read more